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Gangs in the United States include several types of groups, including national street gangs, local street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, and ethnic and organized crime gangs. Approximately 1.4 million people were part of gangs as of 2011, and more than 33,000 gangs were active in the United States. Many American gangs began, and still exist, in urban areas. In many cases, national street gangs originated in major cities such as Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Miami and New York, and they later migrated to other American cities such as Atlanta, Cleveland, St. Louis, Dallas, Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, Milwaukee, Orlando, Houston, and . ==Reasons for joining== People join gangs for various reasons, including:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Young People Join Gangs )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gang Alternatives Program (GAP) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Do Youth Join Gangs? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gangs give members sense of purpose, belonging – but there's a price )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Young People Join Gangs and What You Can Do )〕 * Profiting from organized crime, which could be a means to obtain food and shelter, or access to luxury goods and services * Protection from rival gangs or violent crime in general, especially when the police are distrusted or ineffective * Personal status and coolness * A sense of family, identity, or belonging * Intimidation by gang members or pressure from friends * Family tradition * Excitement of risk-taking Studies aimed at preventing youth involvement in gangs have identified additional "risk factors" for joining, including:〔〔 * Lack of parental supervision * Family instability * Family members with violent attitudes * Being part of a socially marginalized group (e.g. ethnic minority) * Family poverty * Lack of youth jobs * Academic problems (frustration at low performance, low expectations, poor personal relationships with teachers, learning disability) * Violent crime committed by others against the potential gang member, or friends or family * Involvement in non-gang illegal activity, especially violent crime or drug use * Low self esteem * Lack of role models * Hyperactivity Gang membership was also associated with:〔 * Early sexual activity * Illegal gun ownership 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gangs in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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